ORA-01113: File XXXX needs media recovery

Symptom:
When trying to start Oracle, the error:
ORA-01113: file n needs media recoveryORA-01110: data file n: ''

Cause:
Oracle has detected a corruption in the file specified.

Possible Remedies:
1. Try: (this requires archive logs)
Recover datafile '';
2. Restore the database from backup and reapply any archive log files.
3. If the database is a standby database then check the procedure for copying the file in the first place. A common mistake is to perform a hot backup of a database but without issuing a ‘alter tablespace ... begin backup ... end backup’ for the tablespace in question.

Once the media error has been recovered from the database can be opened normally (i.e. ‘startup’ or ‘alter database open’).